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In the field of investment, short-term performance is often influenced by market luck, leading to volatile returns. In the short term, there will always be winners and losers in the market, but long-term winners are markedly different. This distinction is key to understanding the core issue of value investing: Is it luck or skill that determines long-term success? Value investing demonstrates its sustainability across various markets, showing a unity of temporal breadth and strategic depth. This approach, first introduced nearly a century ago by Benjamin Graham, has its most notable contemporary proponent in Warren Buffett.

The concept of value investing was introduced by Benjamin Graham in the early 20th century. Known as the “father of value investing,” Graham’s principles are still widely applied globally. In his seminal works, Security Analysis (1934) and The Intelligent Investor (1949), Graham systematically outlined the theory and practice of value investing. These books remain classics in the investment field.

Warren Buffett, one of the most prominent advocates of value investing, studied under and befriended Graham. Buffett inherited and expanded upon Graham’s ideas, achieving extraordinary returns through this investment strategy and earning immense respect in the global investment community. Buffett’s company, Berkshire Hathaway, epitomizes the principles of value investing, and his success story and investment philosophy are widely taught and emulated. Buffett has not only perpetuated Graham’s core ideas but also infused them with his unique insights, making him the epitome of modern value investing.

Stocks Represent Ownership in a Company The first core principle of value investing is viewing stocks as certificates of ownership in a company rather than mere tradable securities. This reflects the essence of stocks as investable assets. Value investing emphasizes that stocks signify partial ownership of a company. Investing in stocks means investing in a company, not just in a market price fluctuation.