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For the most part, coal and other minerals located in horizontal beds close to the surface of the earth are extracted using strip mining, a type of surface mining. What is Strip Mining? In order to reach the mineral deposits below, this technique entails removing the top layer of soil and rock, which is called the overburden. Heavy equipment like draglines, bulldozers, and power shovels are used to remove the overburden after vegetation and topsoil have been cleared. The mineral seam is exposed and then extracted in layers or strips. Processing facilities are subsequently accessed by the mined material after it has been transported. Strip mining is a more cost-effective alternative to more disruptive underground mining techniques for extracting resources that are close to the surface. Deforestation, habitat loss, soil erosion, and the possibility of water contamination from contaminants’ runoff are some of the major environmental impacts of this technique. Replanting vegetation and restoring the landscape are examples of reclamation efforts that are essential for mitigating these effects, but they can be costly and challenging. Strip mining, in general, is an effective but controversial way to extract resources, so its long-term effects must be carefully considered.
Coal, limestone, and other near-surface rock minerals can be extracted using strip mining, which is also called surface mining. The process begins with excavating the area around the mineral deposit, which entails lifting the rock and dirt layers that cover it. Mineral seams that are either horizontal or slightly inclined and either too deep for open-pit mining or too shallow for underground mining are ideal candidates for this method.
The soil and rock layers that sit atop the mineral deposit are called overburden and must be removed as a subsequent step. Power shovels, bulldozers, and draglines are used for this task. Spoil piles are the result of depositing the removed material in nearby areas.
The extraction process starts after the overburden is excavated and the seam of minerals is revealed. This is usually mined in a sequential fashion, with each strip done in turn. Processing facilities refine and prepare the extracted material for use after transporting it.
The reclamation process begins after mineral extraction is complete. This entails replanting the area with vegetation, transferring the overburden back to the mined-out area, and replacing the stored topsoil. In order to lessen the ecological toll of the mining operations, it is necessary to return the landscape to its pre-mining condition.
